Cho x;y;z nguyên dương thỏa mãn :x+y+z=xyz
CMR:
\(\frac{1+\sqrt{x^2+1}}{x}+\frac{1+\sqrt{y^2+1}}{y}+\frac{1+\sqrt{z^2+1}}{z}< =xyz\)
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Ta có: \(x+y+z=xyz\Rightarrow x=\frac{x+y+z}{yz}\Rightarrow x^2=\frac{x^2+xy+xz}{yz}\Rightarrow x^2+1=\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}{yz}\)\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+1}=\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}{yz}}\le\frac{\frac{x+y}{y}+\frac{x+z}{z}}{2}=1+\frac{x}{2}\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1+\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}\le\frac{2+\frac{x}{2}\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)}{x}=\frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+y^2}}{y}\le\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)\); \(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+z^2}}{z}\le\frac{2}{z}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế ba bất đẳng thức trên, ta được: \(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}+\frac{1+\sqrt{1+y^2}}{y}+\frac{1+\sqrt{1+z^2}}{z}\le3\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=3.\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}\)\(\le3.\frac{\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}}{xyz}=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{xyz}=\frac{\left(xyz\right)^2}{xyz}=xyz\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)
\(x+y+z=xyz\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{zx}=1\)
Đặt \(\left(\dfrac{1}{x};\dfrac{1}{y};\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=1\)
\(P=\dfrac{2a}{\sqrt{1+a^2}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{1+b^2}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{1+c^2}}=\dfrac{2a}{\sqrt{ab+bc+ca+a^2}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{ab+bc+ca+b^2}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{ab+bc+ca+c^2}}\)
\(P=\dfrac{2a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(P=\sqrt{\dfrac{2a}{a+b}.\dfrac{2a}{a+c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{2b}{a+b}.\dfrac{b}{2\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{2c}{c+a}.\dfrac{c}{2\left(c+b\right)}}\)
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{2a}{a+b}+\dfrac{2a}{a+c}+\dfrac{2b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{2c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{2\left(c+b\right)}\right)=\dfrac{9}{4}\)
\(P_{max}=\dfrac{9}{4}\) khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{7}{\sqrt{15}};\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{15}};\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{15}}\right)\) hay \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{15}}{7};\sqrt{15};\sqrt{15}\right)\)
Ta có :
\(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}=\frac{2+\sqrt{4\left(1+x^2\right)}}{2x}\le\frac{2+\frac{4+1+x^2}{2}}{2x}=\frac{9+x^2}{4x}\)
tương tự : \(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+y^2}}{y}\le\frac{9+y^2}{4y}\); \(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+z^2}}{z}\le\frac{9+z^2}{4z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1+\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}+\frac{1+\sqrt{1+y^2}}{y}+\frac{1+\sqrt{1+z^2}}{z}\le\frac{\left(9+x^2\right)yz+\left(9+y^2\right)xz+\left(9+z^2\right)xy}{4xyz}\)
\(=\frac{9\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}{4xyz}\le\frac{9\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}+\left(xyz\right)^2}{4xyz}=\frac{4\left(xyz\right)^2}{4xyz}=xyz\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi x = y = z = \(\sqrt{3}\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}x,y,z>0\\x+y+z=xyz\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{xy} +\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}=1\)
Có : \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}+x^2}}\le\frac{1}{2.\sqrt{\frac{x^2y}{xyz}}}\le\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}+y^2}}\le\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\frac{y^2z}{xyz}}}\le\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}+z^2}}\le\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\frac{z^2x}{xyz}}}\le\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy P max = 3/2
Ta có:\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}=\frac{\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{yz+x^2yz}}=\frac{\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{yz+x\left(x+y+z\right)}}=\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{zx}{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{xy}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{zx}{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{xy}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{y}{x+y}+\frac{z}{x+z}+\frac{z}{y+z}+\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{x}{x+z}+\frac{y}{z+y}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Pt tương đương:
\(2\sqrt{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}\ge\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}+3\)
Có: \(\sqrt{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}\ge\sqrt{3\cdot3\left(xyz\right)^2}=3\)
Đồng thời:
\(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}\le\frac{x+y}{2}+\frac{y+z}{2}+\frac{x+z}{2}=x+y+z\le\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}\le\sqrt{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}\)
Rồi cộng lại
Đặt \(\frac{1}{1+x}=a\);\(\frac{1}{1+y}=b\);\(\frac{1}{1+y}=c\). Lúc đó a + b + c = 1
Ta có: \(a=\frac{1}{1+x}\Rightarrow x=\frac{1-a}{a}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)-a}{a}=\frac{b+c}{a}\)(Do a + b + c = 1)
Tương tự ta có: \(y=\frac{c+a}{b};z=\frac{a+b}{c}\)
\(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\le\frac{3}{2}\sqrt{xyz}\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{zx}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Ta đi chứng minh \(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)\(\le\frac{3}{2}\)
\(VT\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}+\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{c}{b+c}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.3=\frac{3}{2}\)*đúng*
Vậy \(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\le\frac{3}{2}\sqrt{xyz}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z = 2
từ \(x+y+z=xyz\Rightarrow\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}=1\)
\(\left(\frac{1}{x};\frac{1}{y};\frac{1}{z}\right)\rightarrow\left(a,b,c\right)\)\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=1\)
Thay vào \(\sqrt{x^2+1}\) r` phân tích nhân tử áp dụng C-S là ra :3